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basic municipal

In the current Constitution of the country, the municipal issue is considered within its Chapter XIV, "decentralization." This name has been established by Law No. 27,680 (published on 07.03.1902), the same have introduced a set of amendments to that chapter.
In the text of the Constitution, decentralization is understood as a form of democratic organization and is a permanent policy of state binding, which has as main objective the full development of the country, moreover, that the decentralization process is done phased in gradually and ranked according to criteria for appropriate allocation of responsibilities and transfer of resources from the national government to regional and local governments. And establishing the division of the territory of the Republic into regions, departments, provinces and districts, in whose constituencies is constituted and organized by the national government, regional and local levels.
Article 190 of the Constitution states that the regions are created on the basis of integrated adjacent areas historic, cultural, administrative and economically sustainable geoeconomic conforming units. A referendum can integrate two or more districts adjoining department to constitute a region, the same procedure followed by the provinces and districts contiguous to change regional constituency.
According to constitutional rule "The regionalization process started in choosing the current government departments and the constitutional province of Callao. Regional governments have political autonomy, economic and administrative matters within its jurisdiction, coordinate with municipalities without interfering with its functions and powers, promote development and regional economy, promote investment, public services and activities under its responsibility, in line with the policies and national and local plans of development.
The basic organizational structure of those governments to make up the Regional Council as the regulatory and supervisory body, the President and the Executive Body and the Regional Coordinating Council composed of the provincial mayors and representatives of civil society, as an advisory and coordinating with municipalities, with the functions and powers are prescribed by law. The president is elected along with a deputy by direct suffrage for a four (4) years, and may be re-elected Regional Council members are elected in the same manner and for the same period. The mandate of these authorities is revocable and irrevocable, according to law.
The Constitution states that the provincial and district municipalities are local government bodies, and have political autonomy, economic and administrative matters within its competence. Also, the City Council under the regulatory and inspection functions, and the mayor, the executive functions. It also establishes the municipalities of the towns are created according to law.
mayors and councilors are elected by direct suffrage for a term of four (4) years. May be reappointed. Its mandate is revocable but indispensable.
local governments promote local economic development and the provision of public services under their responsibility, in line with national policies and plans and regional development. And, they are responsible for:
1. Approve their internal organization and budget.
2. Approving the local development plan agreed with civil society.
3. Manage your assets and income.
4. Create, modify and eliminate taxes, fees, taxes, licenses and municipal rights, according to law.
5. Organize, regulate and manage local public services under their responsibility.
6. Urban planning and rural development in their constituencies, including zoning, planning and territorial organization.
7. Promoting competitiveness, investment and financing for projects and local infrastructure.
8. Develop and regulate activities or services in education, health, housing, sanitation, environment, sustainability of natural resources, public transport, traffic and transit, tourism, conservation of archaeological and historical monuments, culture, recreation and sport, according to law.
9. Legislative initiative on issues and matters within its competence.
10. Exercising the powers inherent in their function, according to law.
It establishes that property and income of the municipalities:
1. Movable and immovable property.
2. The taxes created by law in their favor.
3. Contributions, fees, taxes, licenses and fees established by municipal ordinances, according to law.
4. Economic rights generated by the privatizations, concessions and services that they provide, according to law.
5. FONCOMUN-allocated resources, which is redistributive, according to law.
6. Specific transfers allocated the annual budget law.
7. The resources allocated by monthly fees.
8. The proceeds of its financial operations, including those requiring the approval of the State under the law.
9. Others determined by law.
According to the Constitution of the Republic's capital is not part of any region, with special arrangements in the organic laws on decentralization and municipalities, also border municipalities have special arrangements in the organic law of municipalities. The Metropolitan Municipality of Lima has responsibility within the scope of the Province of Lima.
is stated expressly In addition, the municipalities promote, support and regulate resident participation in local development also provide public safety services with the cooperation of the National Police of Peru. On the other hand, adds that regional and local governments are controlled by their own supervisory bodies and bodies with such allocation under the Constitution or law, and subject to the control and supervision of the Comptroller General of the Republic, the must organize a system of decentralized control and permanent.
Finally, the Constitution provides that the regional governments and municipalities formulate their budgets with the participation population and annually render an account of his execution.

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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ROADS

political and economic concentration in the capital has been the biggest inheritance from the past century, as we enter the new century without us removed the cancerous tumor is centralism. The distrust of self-governing capacities of the regions, the capital's paranoia of territorial disintegration and the tradition of centralization in the capital have historically established concentration model that has stifled all efforts of the provinces and autonomous regions. However, we run the risk of being absorbed by a wicked poke in the past, perhaps because in the endless search explanation of our arrears, hoping to be exempted from responsibility for them?

it is time to face and "take the bull by the horns" implies first fully convinced that decentralization is the shortest path to development and, although there is talk of decentralization decades ago, today is the only way in the absence of ideas and alternative proposals.

This concept - decentralization for development, has acquired an unusual importance to the phenomenon of globalization. We see countries that are blurred to regroup in supranational political and economic structures, while regions and cities is strengthened to recover the identity and to compete for capital and technology. We all yearn to travel the roads of developing countries, where popular sovereignty, equality before the law and confidence in the power of local self-government and regional communities, are guiding principles in our country, longing which are more fervent in the circumstances so dramatic by crossing regions.

In our countries so far only been developed decentralized processes shy, but genuine decentralization that involves giving a self-governing regions chosen for the same region, with broad decision-making power and authority, with budgetary resources managed by the same regions, enabling them to promote regional development based on their own interests and decisions. The proceeds of the tax, they are not equally redistributed among the regions, the capitals focus not only power but also profit. The central government in many years has shown the ability to formulate coherent policies based on decentralization to promote regional development, this shows that you can not manage the regions from hundreds of comfortable offices in the capital. The persistence of a regime viciously potential risks-fired power certainly debatable, the former has to do with economic stability not only regions but the country as a whole, says Sergio Boissier "a country and a strong economy in the long run is a country of" strong regions. "exaggerated territorial macrocephaly is imcompatible with an economy to maintain its macroeconomic balances in the time "other risk areas makes potential sources of discontent, Alvin Toffler explains this in his famous book The Third Wave" Central governments in general continue to impose uniform policies aimed at a mass society, on public increasingly divergent and segmented . They forget or ignore the local and individual needs, making the flames of resentment reached white-hot temperature. As demassification progresses we expect the centrifugal secessionist forces intensified dramatically and threaten the unity of many nation-states. "Such expressions seem to have been written with the current reality of our regions.

The regional development strategies tomorrow must come from Lima or Santiago, if not be done in our regions. Those who live in the regions and we must not tolerate the arrival of instant experts of the capital, barely off the plane, not knowing our reality come to offer their magic bullets to solve our regional problems, it offends our capabilities.

We must take action, if we do we risk becoming complicit in the backwardness of our own regions. The responsibility for change is up to us. Are two choices: join the indolence of mere spectators or to say I play for my region but lose to save them. We begin with ourselves, learning to open our minds to the new, seemingly radical, as we begin to act as genuine decentralist, demonstrate whether or not we are regionalist. Formulate a political project instigator of wills, showing an imaginary am today able to discipline and steer it to the way it attracts the white arrow and the bow tends. Our proposal is to unite efforts in this fight regardless of frontiers, as centralism is not a problem unique to a country, there is also beyond the border and at an even more ferocious version. Diego Benavente paraphrase Millan: together we are always more although we are not close.